362S162-33 stud, L = 48 in, uniform compression, pinned warping-free ends — characteristic buckling modes

TriShellFiniteElement.jl v0.3.0 + Ferrite.jl · 20825 nodes, 40992 tri shells, 124950 dofs · Cs = 0.2 · reference: CUFSM local 15.86 kN, distortional 37.48 kN (3 half-waves); classical global: flexural-torsional 37.26 kN, weak-axis flexure 55.97 kN, strong-axis flexure 309.4 kN

Lowest local: P_cr = 16.11 kN (3.62 kips), f_cr = 94.4 MPa (13.7 ksi), web half-waves ≈ 15, lip half-waves ≈ 15, rigid-body fraction 0.17

Lowest distortional: P_cr = 39.44 kN (8.87 kips), f_cr = 231.2 MPa (33.5 ksi), web half-waves ≈ 6, lip half-waves ≈ 2, rigid-body fraction 0.17

Distortional, 3 half-waves: P_cr = 39.48 kN (8.88 kips), f_cr = 231.5 MPa (33.6 ksi), web half-waves ≈ 3, lip half-waves ≈ 3, rigid-body fraction 0.12

Global 1: strong-axis flexure (y, parallel to web) + torsion: P_cr = 37.0 kN (8.32 kips), f_cr = 216.9 MPa (31.5 ksi), web half-waves ≈ 2, lip half-waves ≈ 1, rigid-body fraction 1.0

Global 2: weak-axis flexure (x, perpendicular to web): P_cr = 48.91 kN (11.0 kips), f_cr = 286.8 MPa (41.6 ksi), web half-waves ≈ 1, lip half-waves ≈ 1, rigid-body fraction 0.93

Global 3: strong-axis flexure (y, parallel to web) + torsion: P_cr = 350.27 kN (78.74 kips), f_cr = 2053.5 MPa (297.8 ksi), web half-waves ≈ 116, lip half-waves ≈ 4, rigid-body fraction 0.67